Classification of Concrete
There are many types of concrete. From different perspectives, they can be classified in the following ways:
Classification by Apparent Density
① Lightweight Concrete: With a dry apparent density of less than 2000 kg/m³, it uses lightweight porous aggregates such as expanded clay and shale, or incorporates air-entraining agents and foaming agents to form a porous structure. It has advantages such as good thermal insulation performance and light weight, and is often used as insulation material or structural material for high-rise and large-span buildings.
② Ordinary Concrete: With a dry apparent density of 2000~2800 kg/m³, it is made from natural sand and gravel as aggregates. It is the most commonly used concrete in civil engineering, mainly used as a load-bearing structural material in various civil engineering projects.
③ Heavy Concrete: With a dry apparent density greater than 2800 kg/m³, it often uses barite, iron ore, steel scrap, etc., as aggregates, and is formulated with strontium cement and barium cement to prepare radiation-shielding concrete, used as a shielding structural material in nuclear engineering. It has the property of not transmitting X-rays and gamma rays.
Classification by Cementitious Materials
Based on the type of cementitious materials used, concrete can be classified into cement concrete, silicate concrete, gypsum concrete, water glass concrete, asphalt concrete, polymer concrete, etc.
Classification by Flowability
According to the flowability of fresh concrete, it can be classified into dry-hard concrete (slump less than 10mm and expressed using Vebe consistency), plastic concrete (slump 10~90mm), fluid concrete (slump 100~150mm), and highly fluid concrete (slump greater than or equal to 160mm).
Classification by Production and Construction Methods
Based on production and construction methods, concrete can be classified into ready-mixed concrete (commercial concrete), pumped concrete, shotcrete, pressure-grouted concrete (pre-filled aggregate concrete), shell-forming concrete (sand-coated concrete), roller-compacted concrete, extruded concrete, centrifugal concrete, vacuum dehydrated concrete, hot-mix concrete, etc.
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Classification by Application
Concrete can be classified by application into structural concrete, mass concrete, waterproof concrete, heat-resistant concrete, expansive concrete, radiation-shielding concrete, road concrete, etc.
Classification by Strength Grade
① Low-strength concrete: compressive strength fcu < 30 MPa.
② Medium-strength concrete: compressive strength 30 ≤ fcu < 60 MPa.
③ High-strength concrete: compressive strength 60 MPa ≤ fcu ≤ 100 MPa.
④ Ultra-high-strength concrete: compressive strength fcu > 100 MPa.
Classification by Reinforcement Method
Concrete can be classified by reinforcement method into plain concrete, reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, wire mesh concrete, prestressed concrete, etc.
